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51.
Belarmino?Carneiro?da?Silva Neto André?Luiz?Borba?do?Nascimento Nicola?Schiel R?mulo?Romeu?Nóbrega AlvesEmail author Antonio?Souto Ulysses?Paulino?AlbuquerqueEmail author 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2017,19(5):1795-1813
The hunting of wild animals remains a common activity in various parts of the world, especially in rural communities with poor socioeconomic conditions. To investigate patterns of mammal hunting, this study adopted a rural community located in semiarid Brazil as a model to test whether variables such as perceived abundance, activity period (day or night) and animal biomass could influence the consumption potential of mammal taxa. For this study, a checklist/interview technique using 32 photographs of mammals recorded in the region and two photographs of species that did not occur in the region, which acted as “control” species, was used, in addition to other visual stimuli and free lists. All species presented in the photographs, with the exception of the “control” species, were recognized as occurring in the region. Fourteen species were cited as being those most hunted locally. The species cited as most hunted had an average perceived abundance higher than the group of the least-hunted species. However, there was no significant relationship between hunting of a species and its locally perceived abundance. No significant difference in hunting pressure between diurnal and nocturnal species was found, nor was a relationship between animal biomass and hunting pressure observed. Our findings suggest that perceived abundance is an important factor for choosing a resource fauna, but other factors such as intended use, meat flavor and vulnerability to hunting, among others, may influence the potential use of a species. 相似文献
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Sandro Lemos Machado Mehran Karimpour-Fard Nader Shariatmadari Miriam Fatima Carvalho Julio C.F. do Nascimento 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(12):2579-2591
The characteristics of municipal solid waste (MSW) play a key role in many aspects of waste disposal facilities and landfills. Because most of a landfill is made up of MSW, the overall stability of the landfill slopes are governed by the strength parameters and physical properties of the MSW. These parameters are also important in interactions involving the waste body and the landfill structures: cover liner, leachate and gas collection systems. On the other hand, the composition of the waste, which affects the geotechnical behavior of the MSW, is dependent on a variety of factors such as climate, disposal technology, the culture and habits of the local community. It is therefore essential that the design and stability evaluations of landfills in each region be performed based on the local conditions and the geotechnical characteristic of the MSW. The Bandeirantes Landfill, BL, in São Paulo and the Metropolitan Center Landfill, MCL, in Salvador, are among the biggest landfills in Brazil. These two disposal facilities have been used for the development of research involving waste mechanics in recent years. Considerable work has been made in the laboratory and in the field to evaluate parameters such as water and organic contents, composition, permeability, and shear strength. This paper shows and analyzes the results of tests performed on these two landfills. The authors believe that these results could be a good reference for certain aspects and geotechnical properties of MSW materials in countries with similar conditions. 相似文献
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Carlos E. C. Freitas Alexandre A. F. Rivas Fabíola A. Nascimento Flávia K. Siqueira-Souza Ivanildo L. A. Santos 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(2):157-165
An important alternative for sustainable use of tucunaré stocks and improvement in fishermen welfare in Balbina reservoir,
Central Amazon, would be to train commercial fisherman to also become tourist guides for sport fishing. In this study, we
modeled fishermen response to this question, in order to evaluate the acceptance of such an idea. Thus, we surveyed 47 fishermen,
who currently comprise approximately 75% of the total fishermen population. This survey was implemented during December of
2001 and January of 2002. We used a probity analysis to run two models. The first model includes the variables: family size,
school level, fishing time, residence time and boat ownership. On the other hand, the second model includes the number of
children under and above eight years old but not the family size. Both models are significant and the most relevant variables
are: fishing time (years of participation of fisherman is in the activity) and residence time (length of residency of particular fishermen live at the village nearby the reservoir). 相似文献
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Lourdes Teresinha Kist Said El Moutaqi Ênio Leandro Machado 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(13):1200-1205
This study included the layout characterization for the production process of a poultry slaughterhouse using qualitative and quantitative flow charts for water management; analysis of general parameters for pollution load in the wastewater produced in critical stages of the production process and assessment of environmental impact indicators. Prognoses for cleaner production based on water management were established. The diagnostic stage revealed that the scalding, pre-chilling, separated points of wastewater disposal for the wastewater treatment plant and disposal of treated and non-reused wastewater were critical for water management. Dissolved oxygen depletion and eutrophication account for the major environmental impacts of these wastewaters, resulting in an environmental pressure index of 32.1. The opportunities for cleaner production implementation resulting from this study include the reuse of wastewaters from pre-chilling and chilling for pre-washing of carcasses, since average temperatures of these wastewaters range between 4 and 16 °C. This will contribute to lowering the oil and grease pollution load. Another strategy concerns the standardization of cleaning procedures with rational water use in all work shifts and implementation of water meters on a sector-by-sector basis. In the latter case, which has already been implemented, water consumption was reduced by 13%. 相似文献
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In this work it was described a simple method for extraction of plasticizer compounds (mainly phthalate esters and bisphenol A (BPA)) from landfill leachate samples. The samples were submitted to an extraction procedures based on precipitation, solid phase extraction (SPE) and ionic exchange chromatography (IEC). Firstly the landfill leachate sample was acidified by addition of HCl concentrated, in order to precipitate the organic compounds that are less soluble in water. The precipitate was washed with several solvents. The aqueous phase was then submitted to SPE with XAD-4 resin and IEC with Amberlyst A-27 resin. The instrumental analysis was performed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometer detector (GC/MSD) and the compounds were identified by the GC/MSD library (Wiley) and by using some standard substances. These methodologies allow the isolation and identification of the following compounds: dioctylphthalate, diisobutilphthalate, BPA, benzoic acid, palmitic acid and diisopentylphthalate. The methods are very simple, rapid and selective, for plasticizers extraction from landfill leachate matrices. 相似文献
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Esquivel DM Wajnberg E do Nascimento FS Pinho MB Lins de Barros HG Eizemberg R 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(2):139-142
Six behavioural experiments were carried out to investigate the magnetic field effects on the nest-exiting flight directions
of the honeybee Schwarziana quadripunctata (Meliponini). No significant differences resulted during six experiment days under varying geomagnetic field and the applied static inhomogeneous
field (about ten times the geomagnetic field) conditions. A surprising statistically significant response was obtained on
a unique magnetic storm day. The magnetic nanoparticles in these bees, revealed by ferromagnetic resonance, could be involved
in the observed effect of the geomagnetic storm. 相似文献
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Carolina P. de Moraes Ivana P. F. S. de Brito Leandro Tropaldi Caio A. Carbonari Edivaldo D. Velini 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2020,55(4):376-381
AbstractUrochloa decumbens plants may be reached by herbicide drift from applications of glyphosate from neighboring areas or by variations during applications. Considering the different phenological stages and size of plants in these areas, the amount of active ingredient that reaches the plants probably varies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of different doses of glyphosate on U. decumbens plants. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted with two replications at different times. The first experiment evaluated the biological response of U. decumbens plants to glyphosate doses (0, 2.81, 5.63, 11.25, 22.5, 45, 90, 180, 360, 720, and 1,440?g a.e. ha?1), with six replications. The second experiment evaluated the response of U. decumbens plants to the application of a selected low dose of 11.25?g a.e. ha?1. Evaluations of injury were performed at 0, 7, 14, and 21?days after application, and dry weight of plants was determined for each evaluation period. U. decumbens plants increased in dry weight when using the glyphosate dose of 11.25?g a.e. ha?1. However, plants had different responses to the application of this low dose. It can promote both stimulation and inhibition of plant growth. 相似文献
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